Configuring host labels
You create host labels under Networking > App Definitions: Host Labels.
Host labels are names given to sets of hostnames and subnets to streamline configuration. Host labels provide flexibility because you can create a logical set of hostnames and then apply a rule, such as a QoS rule, to the entire set instead of creating individual rules for each hostname. For example, you can define a set of file servers in a host label, use that host label in a single QoS rule, and apply a policy limiting all IP traffic to and from the servers (independent of what protocol or application is in use).
Other ways to use host labels:
• List multiple dedicated application servers by hostname in a single rule and apply a policy
• List multiple business websites and servers to protect
• List recreational websites to restrict
Host labels are optional.
Host labels are not compatible with IPv6.
These configuration options are available:
Add a New Host Label
Displays the controls to add a new host label.
Name
Specifies the label name: for example, YouTube. These rules apply:
• Host label names are case sensitive and can be any string consisting of letters, numbers, the underscore ( _ ), or the hyphen ( - ). There can’t be spaces in host labels.
• Start the name with a letter or underscore.
• To avoid confusion, don’t use a number for a host label.
• You can’t delete host labels that a QoS or in-path rule is using.
Hostnames/Subnets
Specifies a comma-separated list of hostnames and subnets. Hostnames aren’t case sensitive. You can also separate hostname and subnet names with spaces or new lines.
Use this format:
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx where /xx is a subnet mask value between 0 and 32.
A host label can:
• be a fully qualified domain name.
• appear in multiple host labels. You can use up to 100 unique hostnames.
• can contain up to 64 subnets and hostnames.
When you add the new host label, the page updates the host label table with the new host label. Because the system resolves new hostnames through the DNS, wait a few seconds and then refresh your browser.
Resolving hostnames
RiOS resolves hostnames through a DNS server immediately after you add a new host label or after you edit an existing host label. RiOS also automatically re-resolves hostnames once daily. If any problems arise during the automatic or manual hostname resolution, the summary section of the host labels page alerts you quickly that there is a problem.
RiOS relays any changes in IP addresses to QoS after resolving them; you do not need to update the host label in QoS.
When you know that the IP addresses associated with a hostname have been updated in the DNS server, and you do not want to wait until the next scheduled resolution, you can resolve the hostnames manually. After you resolve the hostname cache manually, RiOS schedules the next resolve time to be 24 hours in the future.
To resolve hostnames through the DNS immediately, click Resolve Hostnames. To show or hide the resolved IP addresses of the hostnames, Select or clear the Show resolved IPs for the hostnames in the table below check box.
When the system resolves a hostname, the elapsed time appears next to the Resolved label.
Viewing the hostname resolution summary
The summary section displays this information:
• Unique Hostnames—The total number of unique hostnames, because a hostname can appear in multiple host labels. You can configure a maximum of 100 unique hostnames.
• Checking DNS—The number of unique hostnames that are actively being resolved.
• Unresolvable—The number of unique hostnames that cannot be resolved through the DNS because the DNS server is not configured, the DNS server is not reachable due to network connectivity issues, there is a typo in the hostname, and so on.
On rare occasions, if the DNS server goes down after resolving a hostname once, the system keeps the information, even though it might be stale. When this occurs, this message appears:
This hostname was resolved successfully at least once in the past but the last attempt failed.
Modifying hostnames or subnets in a host label
You add or delete hostnames or subnets associated with a host label, select the host label name in the Host Label table. Add or delete hostnames or subnets in the Hostnames/Subnets text box. When you click Apply to save your settings to the running configuration, RiOS immediately applies host label changes to QoS, changing the traffic processing for all rules using the label.
Verify that any new hostnames resolve successfully to the expected IP addresses.